Heart defects
Heart Defects
Heart defects (pronunciation: /hɑːrt dɪˈfɛkts/), also known as congenital heart diseases (CHD), are problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth. These defects can involve the interior walls of the heart, the valves inside the heart, and the arteries and veins that carry blood to the heart or the body.
Etymology
The term "heart defects" is derived from the Latin words "cor" meaning heart, and "defectus" meaning failure or lack. The term "congenital heart disease" is derived from the Latin "congenitus" meaning "born with."
Types of Heart Defects
There are many types of heart defects, including:
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
- Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)
- Pulmonary Atresia (PA)
- Tricuspid Atresia (TA)
Symptoms
Symptoms of heart defects can vary depending on the type and severity of the defect. Some common symptoms include:
- Rapid breathing
- Fatigue
- Poor blood circulation
- Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails)
- Poor weight gain in infants
Diagnosis
Heart defects are often diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, Echocardiogram, Electrocardiogram (ECG), and Cardiac Catheterization.
Treatment
Treatment for heart defects depends on the type and severity of the defect. Some defects require no treatment, while others may require medications, cardiac catheterization procedures, or heart surgery.
Related Terms
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