Hamartoma

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hamartoma
Hamartoma of the spleen
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Often asymptomatic, but can cause symptoms depending on location
Complications	Potential for compression of adjacent structures
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Developmental malformation
Risks
Diagnosis	Medical imaging, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Neoplasm, malformation
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical excision if symptomatic
Medication	None
Prognosis	Generally benign
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hamartoma is a benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a cancerous growth but it can cause problems due to its size and location. Hamartomas are also frequently asymptomatic and can be found incidentally.

Histopathology of a bile duct hamartoma, high magnification

Definition

A Hamartoma is a benign, non-cancerous tumour-like growth made up of an abnormal mixture of cells and tissues found in areas of the body where growth normally occurs.

Causes

Hamartomas result from an abnormal formation of normal tissue, although the underlying reasons for the abnormality are not fully understood. They grow along with, and at the same rate as, the rest of the body. Some forms of hamartomas are genetically inherited, while others are acquired due to environmental factors or are idiopathic (unknown cause).

Types

There are several types of hamartomas, including:

• Pulmonary hamartoma - the most common type of hamartoma, occurring in the lungs.
• Hypothalamic hamartoma - a rare condition where a tumor is present in the hypothalamus. This can cause seizures and early onset of puberty.
• Cowden syndrome - a rare inherited disorder characterized by multiple hamartomas.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a hamartoma typically involves imaging studies such as CT scan, MRI, or X-ray. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for a hamartoma depends on its location and the symptoms it causes. If a hamartoma is not causing any symptoms, it may not require treatment. If it is causing symptoms, treatment options may include surgery, medication, or radiation therapy.

See also

• Tumor
• Neoplasm
• Benign tumor