Independence Day (United States)

Independence Day, also known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain, King George III, and were now united, free, and independent states. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States.

History

The legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain's rule. After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4.

Fourth of July fireworks behind the Washington Monument, 1986

Celebrations

Independence Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations often take place outdoors. According to 5 U.S.C. § 6103, Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (such as the postal service and federal courts) are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people.

Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, long weekend to gather with relatives. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are often held in the morning, preceding fireworks displays in the evening.

Fireworks

Fireworks have been associated with the Fourth of July since 1777. In Philadelphia, the first organized celebration of Independence Day took place on July 4, 1777, while Congress was still occupied with the ongoing war. Ships in port were decked with red, white, and blue bunting, and a thirteen-gun salute was fired in honor of the Thirteen Colonies. Fireworks displays are held in many states, and many fireworks are sold for personal use or as an alternative to a public show.

American 1902 Fourth of July fireworks

Parades and Events

Parades are a common feature of Independence Day celebrations. They often include marching bands, military units, floats, and local organizations. The National Independence Day Parade takes place annually in Washington, D.C., featuring a variety of performances and floats.

4th of July Independence Day Parade 2014 DC

Cultural Impact

Independence Day is a symbol of American patriotism and is celebrated with a variety of cultural events. The holiday has inspired numerous works of art, music, and literature. The Saturday Evening Post has featured many covers celebrating the Fourth of July, capturing the spirit of the holiday.

Saturday Evening Post cover, July 5, 1924

Related pages

• Declaration of Independence (United States)
• American Revolutionary War
• United States Constitution
• Federal holidays in the United States