First Period

First Period Architecture

The Jonathan Fairbanks House, an example of First Period architecture.

The term "First Period" refers to the earliest colonial architecture of the English settlers in New England, spanning from approximately 1626 to 1725. This architectural style is characterized by its use of traditional English building techniques adapted to the new environment and materials available in the American colonies.

Characteristics

First Period architecture is distinguished by its steeply pitched roofs, central chimneys, and asymmetrical facades. The buildings were typically constructed using timber framing, a method brought over from England, which involved the use of large, hand-hewn wooden beams.

Timber Framing

Roof framing of the Old Ship Church, showcasing traditional timber framing techniques.

Timber framing was a hallmark of First Period construction. The frames were often exposed on the interior, showcasing the craftsmanship of the builders. The joints were typically mortise and tenon, secured with wooden pegs.

Roofs and Chimneys

The roofs of First Period houses were steeply pitched to shed snow and rain. Central chimneys were a common feature, providing heat to multiple rooms. These chimneys were often large and made of brick or stone.

Windows and Doors

Windows in First Period homes were small and often had diamond-shaped panes set in lead cames. Doors were typically battened and made of heavy wood, with iron hardware.

Notable Examples

Several well-preserved examples of First Period architecture can still be found in New England today.

Jonathan Fairbanks House

The Jonathan Fairbanks House in Dedham, Massachusetts, is one of the oldest surviving timber-frame houses in North America. Built around 1637, it exemplifies the typical features of First Period architecture.

Old Ship Church

The Old Ship Church, a rare example of a First Period meeting house.

The Old Ship Church in Hingham, Massachusetts, built in 1681, is the oldest church in continuous ecclesiastical use in the United States. Its unique hammerbeam roof is a notable feature of First Period design.

Barker Tavern

The Barker Tavern, also known as the Williams-Barker House, circa 1634.

The Barker Tavern in Scituate, Massachusetts, also known as the Williams-Barker House, dates back to 1634 and serves as an example of early colonial residential architecture.

Related Pages

• Colonial architecture of the United States
• New England Colonial
• American colonial architecture