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English: Symptoms of nicotine poisoning.

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The most frequent adverse effects to e-cigarettes and e-liquid reported to US poison control centers:

  • Ingestion exposure resulted in vomiting, nausea, drowsy, tachycardia, or agitation.[1]
  • Inhalation/nasal exposure resulted in nausea, vomiting, dizziness, agitation, or headache.[1]
  • Ocular exposure resulted in eye irritation or pain, red eye or conjunctivitis, blurred vision, headache, or corneal abrasion.[1]
  • Multiple routes of exposure resulted in eye irritation or pain, vomiting, red eye or conjunctivitis, nausea, or cough.[1]
  • Dermal exposure resulted in nausea, dizziness, vomiting, headache, or tachycardia.[1]
  • Most e-cigarette calls were a minor effect.[1] Severe outcomes were more than 2.5 times more frequent in children exposed to e-cigarettes and nicotine e-liquid than with traditional cigarettes.[2] The US National Poison Control database found that in 2015 most exposures were related to children under the age of 5.[3] From September 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, 58% of e-cigarette calls to US poison control centers were related to children 5 years old or less.[1]

The initial symptoms are mainly due to stimulatory effects and include nausea and vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, pallor, sweating, hypertension, tachycardia, ataxia, tremor, headache, dizziness, muscle fasciculations, and seizures.[4]

References

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g (June 2016). "Exposure Calls to U. S. Poison Centers Involving Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes—September 2010–December 2014". Journal of Medical Toxicology. DOI:10.1007/s13181-016-0563-7. PMID 27352081. ISSN 1556-9039.
  2. ↑ (2016). "Pediatric Exposure to E-Cigarettes, Nicotine, and Tobacco Products in the United States". PEDIATRICS 137 (6): e20160041–e20160041. DOI:10.1542/peds.2016-0041. PMID 27244861. ISSN 0031-4005.
  3. ↑ (2017). "Pulmonary Toxicity of E-cigarettes". American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology: ajplung.00071.2017. DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00071.2017. PMID 28522559. ISSN 1040-0605.
  4. ↑ (September–October 2009). "Nicotinic plant poisoning". Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 47 (8): 771–781. DOI:10.1080/15563650903252186. PMID 19778187. ISSN 1556-3650.
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