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https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse
"A melamed (teacher) in 19th century Podolia. Usually, the traditional Jewish kheyder was a single class school, consisting of 10 to 15 children. Only Bible and Talmud were studied."
Pale teacher: the 'Pale of Settlement' was territory Russia gained from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth & Ottoman Empire with a substantial Jewish population to which Jews were largely restricted ('pale' is an archaic term for an enclosed area).
{{PD-old}} "A melamed (teacher) in 19th century Podolia. Usually, the traditional Jewish kheyder was a single class school, consisting of 10 to 15 children. Only Bible and Talmud were studied." http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/en