File:Charles Laughton-publicity2.JPG

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Summary

Description
English: Publicity photo for film The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934).
Date
Source eBay
Author
Clarence Bull (1896–1979)  wikidata:Q15440234
 
Alternative names
Clarence Sinclair Bull; Clarence S. Bull; C. S. Bull
Description American photographer
Date of birth/death 22 May 1896 Edit this at Wikidata 8 June 1979 Edit this at Wikidata
Location of birth/death Sun River Edit this at Wikidata Los Angeles Edit this at Wikidata
Authority file
creator QS:P170,Q15440234
Permission
(Reusing this file)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

Licensing

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1930 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.
The author died in 1979, so this work is also in the public domain in jurisdictions where the copyright term is the author's life plus 30 years or less. This work may also be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.

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Charles Laughton

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