Essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acids (EFAs), also known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are types of fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest for good health because the body requires them but can't produce them.
Pronunciation
Essential fatty acid: /ɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈfæti ˈæsɪd/
Etymology
The term "essential fatty acid" refers to fatty acids required for biological processes but does not include the fats that only act as fuel.
Types
There are two families of EFAs: Omega-3 (or n-3) and Omega-6 (or n-6). Omega-3 fatty acids include alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-6 fatty acids include linoleic acid (LA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA).
Functions
EFAs support various bodily functions, including cell growth, brain development, muscle activity, immune function, joint health, and heart health. They also play a crucial role in the production of eicosanoids, a group of signaling molecules that participate in the body's inflammatory and immune responses.
Dietary Sources
EFAs are primarily found in plant oils, fish, and other types of seafood. Some of the richest sources include flaxseed oil, walnut oil, chia seeds, hemp seeds, soybean oil, canola oil, and fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines.
Deficiency
A deficiency in essential fatty acids can lead to a variety of health problems, including skin issues, infertility, inflammation, mood disorders, and an increased risk of heart disease.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Essential fatty acid
- Wikipedia's article - Essential fatty acid
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