Environmental justice

Environmental justice is a concept in public policy concerning the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. It emerged in the United States in the 1980s and has since become a significant issue in many other countries, including those in the developing world. The term is often used in connection with the idea that certain communities, particularly those of low-income or minority status, are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards and denied access to environmental benefits.

History

The concept of environmental justice emerged in the United States in the 1980s, following a series of high-profile cases in which communities of color were disproportionately affected by environmental hazards. The term was coined by Robert D. Bullard, a sociologist who is often referred to as the "father of environmental justice."

Principles

The principles of environmental justice assert that all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, have the right to live in a healthy environment, with access to enough environmental benefits to sustain a healthy life, and protection from harmful environmental hazards.

Environmental Racism

Environmental racism is a term used to describe the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color. Environmental justice advocates argue that these communities are often intentionally targeted for hazardous waste sites, polluting industries, and other environmental hazards.

Environmental Justice and Public Policy

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a specific office dedicated to environmental justice, which works to protect communities that are disproportionately impacted by environmental hazards. Other countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, have also incorporated environmental justice principles into their environmental policies.

Challenges and Criticisms

While the concept of environmental justice has been widely accepted, it has also faced criticism. Some argue that the focus on race and income in environmental justice distracts from the broader issue of environmental degradation. Others argue that environmental justice is too narrowly focused on the United States and does not adequately address global environmental inequalities.

See Also

• Environmental law
• Environmental policy
• Environmental racism
• Robert D. Bullard
• Environmental Protection Agency

• Environmental justice
  Environmental justice
• 
  Agbogbloshie, an e-waste site in Ghana
• Afton, North Carolina
  Afton, North Carolina
• Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered Native American Women and Girls
  Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered Native American Women and Girls
• 
  Carbon dioxide emissions versus GDP per person
• Pollution of the Ganga River
  Pollution of the Ganga River
• Environmental justice
  Environmental justice