Elongation factors

Elongation Factors

Elongation factors are a set of proteins that facilitate the elongation phase of protein synthesis within the cell. They are essential components of the translation process in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɪˌlɒŋˈɡeɪʃən ˈfæk.tər/

Etymology

The term "elongation factor" is derived from the role these proteins play in the elongation, or lengthening, phase of protein synthesis.

Types of Elongation Factors

There are several types of elongation factors, each with a specific role in the process of protein synthesis. These include:

• EF-Tu: This factor, found in prokaryotes, binds to aminoacyl-tRNA and transports it to the ribosome.
• EF-Ts: This factor, also found in prokaryotes, regenerates EF-Tu after it has delivered its aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.
• EF-G: This factor, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, facilitates the translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA.
• EF-2: This factor, found in eukaryotes, performs a similar role to EF-G in prokaryotes.

Related Terms

• Translation
• Protein synthesis
• Ribosome
• mRNA
• tRNA
• Aminoacyl-tRNA
• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Elongation factors
• Wikipedia's article - Elongation factors

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