Cholera vaccine

Cholera vaccine is a vaccine that is used to prevent cholera. For those who are traveling to areas where cholera is common, this vaccine is recommended. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of cholera vaccines in combination with other measures among those at high risk. With the first dose administered at least two weeks before travel, two doses of the oral vaccine are typically required.

Etymology

The term "cholera" is derived from the Greek word "kholera" which means "flow of bile". The disease was named so due to the diarrhea-like symptoms it causes.

Types of Cholera Vaccines

There are three main types of cholera vaccines available:

• Dukoral: This is an orally administered vaccine, which provides protection against both cholera and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), a major cause of diarrhea in travelers. It is available in over 60 countries.

• Shanchol: This vaccine provides longer term protection against cholera, but does not protect against ETEC. It is prequalified by the WHO for global use.

• Euvichol/Euvichol-Plus: This is a newer version of Shanchol, also prequalified by the WHO.

Effectiveness

The effectiveness of the cholera vaccine varies between individuals. In adults, it is more than 85% effective within six months of administration but decreases to less than 50% after two years. Among children under the age of five, the vaccine appears to be less effective.

Side Effects

Common side effects include mild diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. Severe side effects are extremely rare.

History

The first vaccines against cholera were developed in the late 19th century and were in widespread use by the early 20th century. However, these early vaccines were not very effective. The currently available vaccines were first introduced in the 1990s.

See Also

• Cholera
• Vaccine
• World Health Organization

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  Dukoral package and vaccine vial

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  Cholera vaccinations by Guinean nurse, 1973