Draize test
Draize Test
The Draize Test (pronounced /dreɪz/) is a controversial method used in toxicology to assess the potential irritation or corrosion caused by chemicals to the eye or skin of a laboratory animal, often a rabbit. The test was first developed in 1944 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicologists John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines.
Etymology
The term "Draize Test" is derived from the name of its developer, John H. Draize, a pharmacologist working for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Procedure
In a typical Draize Test, a small amount of the test substance is applied to the eye or skin of a restrained animal, and the effects are observed over a period of time. The animal's reactions, which can include redness, swelling, discharge, ulceration, hemorrhaging, or blindness, are scored to quantify the level of irritation or damage.
Controversy and Alternatives
The Draize Test has been criticized for its ethical implications, as it can cause severe pain and distress to the animals involved. Many animal rights organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have campaigned against its use. In response to these concerns, alternative testing methods have been developed, including in vitro tests using cell cultures, computer modeling, and the use of non-animal organisms like bacteria and yeast.
Related Terms
- Toxicology
- Irritation
- Corrosion
- Laboratory Animal
- Rabbit
- United States Food and Drug Administration
- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Draize test
- Wikipedia's article - Draize test
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