Deep temporal nerves

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The deep temporal nerves are branches of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). These nerves are responsible for the innervation of the temporalis muscle, a muscle involved in the elevation and retraction of the mandible.

Anatomy

The deep temporal nerves typically consist of two branches: the anterior deep temporal nerve and the posterior deep temporal nerve. These nerves arise from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve and ascend to the temporalis muscle.

Anterior Deep Temporal Nerve

The anterior deep temporal nerve is the smaller of the two branches. It ascends between the lateral pterygoid muscle and the skull, reaching the anterior part of the temporalis muscle.

Posterior Deep Temporal Nerve

The posterior deep temporal nerve is larger and ascends in a similar manner to the anterior branch but reaches the posterior part of the temporalis muscle.

Function

The primary function of the deep temporal nerves is to provide motor innervation to the temporalis muscle. This muscle plays a crucial role in the movement of the mandible, particularly in the actions of elevation (closing the mouth) and retraction (pulling the mandible backward).

Clinical Significance

Damage to the deep temporal nerves can result in weakness or paralysis of the temporalis muscle, leading to difficulties in chewing and other mandibular movements. Such damage can occur due to trauma, surgical complications, or neurological conditions affecting the mandibular nerve.

See Also

• Mandibular nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Temporalis muscle
• Lateral pterygoid muscle