Mitochondrial replacement therapy

Mitochondria

What is Mitochondrial replacement therapy?

Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is the process of replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease.

Where does the mitochondria come from in MRT?

MRT originated as a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which some or all of the future baby's mitochondrial DNA comes from a third party. This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases.

Is MRT approved treatment?

The therapy is approved for use in the United Kingdom.

What are the medical uses for MRT

Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to child.

How common are mitochondrial mutations?

Relevant mutations are found in about 0.5% of the population and disease affects around one in 5000 individuals (0.02%)—the percentage of people affected is much smaller because cells contain many mitochondria, only some of which carry mutations, and the number of mutated mitochondria need to reach a threshold in order to affect the entire cell, and many cells need to be affected for the person to show disease.

Can autologous MRT be used to treat damaged tissue in the same person?

Autologous mitochondria extracted from healthy tissue and supplied to damaged tissue has been used to treat cardiac-compromised newborns. Alternatives to the approach include use of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) or tissue/organ transplantation.

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Factual Questions on MRT

1) A second application is to use autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria in damaged _______ to restore the tissue to a functional state. Answer: tissue

2) In which some or all of the _______ _______. Answer: future baby's

3) Is the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or _______ _______. Answer: ameliorate disease

4) The _______ is approved for use in the United Kingdom. Answer: therapy

5) Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been used to prevent the _______ of. Answer: transmission

Premium Questions

6) What is used to use autologous mitochondria? Answer: Damaged tissue to restore the tissue to a functional state.

7) Who controls the authority of human fertilisation and embryology authority? Answer: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.

8) What is recommended for use in the united kingdom? Answer: Therapy.

Interpretive Questions

9) What is MRT? Answer: the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease

10) What is the replacement of? Answer: mitochondria

11) What is the name of the application that uses autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria? Answer:

12) What is the second application? Answer: autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria in damaged tissue to restore the tissue to a functional state

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