The bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper's glands, are a pair of small exocrine glands in the male reproductive system. They are homologous to the Bartholin's glands in females. These glands are responsible for producing a pre-ejaculate fluid that is released during sexual arousal.
The bulbourethral glands are located posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis. Each gland is approximately the size of a pea and is situated within the urogenital diaphragm. The ducts of the bulbourethral glands open into the spongy urethra at the base of the penis.
Histologically, the bulbourethral glands are composed of several lobules, each containing acini lined by columnar epithelial cells. These cells are responsible for the production of the gland's secretions. The glands are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and are richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
The bulbourethral glands can be involved in certain medical conditions. Infections or inflammation of these glands can lead to a condition known as bulbourethritis. Additionally, cysts or tumors, although rare, can develop in the glands and may require medical intervention.
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