Buccal space

Buccal space anatomy illustration

The buccal space is a fascial space of the head and neck (also termed fascial spaces or tissue spaces). It is a potential space in the cheek, and is paired on each side. The buccal space is located between the buccinator muscle and the overlying superficial fascia. It is one of the facial spaces of the head and neck that can be involved in the spread of dental infections.

Anatomy

The buccal space is bounded by several anatomical structures:

• Medially: The buccinator muscle, which forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity.
• Laterally: The superficial fascia and skin of the cheek.
• Anteriorly: The corner of the mouth.
• Posteriorly: The masseter muscle and the parotid gland.
• Superiorly: The zygomatic arch.
• Inferiorly: The mandible.

The buccal space contains the buccal fat pad, which is a mass of specialized fatty tissue. This fat pad is important for the contour of the face and is involved in the process of mastication.

Contents

The buccal space contains several important structures, including:

• The buccal fat pad
• The parotid duct (Stensen's duct), which passes through the buccal space to open into the oral cavity opposite the second upper molar tooth
• The facial artery and vein
• Branches of the facial nerve (buccal branches)
• Lymph nodes

Clinical significance

Dental abscess in the buccal space

The buccal space can be involved in various pathological conditions, most commonly infections. Dental infections, particularly those originating from the maxillary or mandibular molars, can spread into the buccal space, leading to a buccal space abscess. This condition is characterized by swelling of the cheek, pain, and sometimes trismus (difficulty opening the mouth).

Infections in the buccal space can potentially spread to other fascial spaces of the head and neck, leading to more serious complications. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.

Surgical access

The buccal space can be accessed surgically for various procedures, including the drainage of abscesses or the removal of tumors. Surgical access to the buccal space is typically achieved through an incision in the oral cavity or through the skin of the cheek, depending on the location and extent of the pathology.

Related pages

• Fascial spaces of the head and neck
• Buccinator muscle
• Parotid gland
• Facial nerve
• Dental abscess