Animal models
Animal Models
Animal models (pronunciation: /ˈænɪməl ˈmɒdəlz/) are used in the field of biomedical research to study the effects of diseases and potential treatments in non-human species. The use of animal models allows for a controlled environment in which variables can be manipulated to study the progression and treatment of diseases.
Etymology
The term "animal model" is derived from the Latin word "animalis" meaning "having breath" and the French word "modèle" meaning "pattern" or "example". It refers to the use of non-human animals as representative models in scientific research.
Related Terms
- Biomedical Research: The application of the natural sciences, especially the biological and physiological sciences, to clinical medicine.
- In vivo: Experiments or measurements done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism.
- In vitro: Experiments or measurements done in or on the living tissue in an artificial environment outside the living organism.
- Pharmacology: The branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
- Toxicology: The study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms.
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
Use of Animal Models
Animal models are used in a variety of scientific contexts, most notably in drug discovery and toxicology. They are used to study the safety and efficacy of new drugs, the progression of diseases, and the effects of environmental toxins. Animal models are also used in the study of genetics, physiology, and behavior.
Types of Animal Models
There are several types of animal models used in biomedical research, including:
- Rodent Models: These are the most commonly used animal models due to their genetic similarity to humans, short lifespan, and ease of care.
- Primate Models: These are used when a closer genetic match to humans is required.
- Canine Models: These are used in the study of certain diseases, such as cancer and heart disease.
- Avian Models: These are used in the study of bird flu and other avian diseases.
Controversies
The use of animal models in research has been a subject of ethical debate. Critics argue that it is cruel and inhumane to use animals for experimentation, while proponents argue that it is necessary for the advancement of medical science.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Animal models
- Wikipedia's article - Animal models
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