Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid

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β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), also known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a compound naturally produced in human bodies. It plays a significant role in muscle and strength development and recovery, and is utilized as a dietary supplement and in certain medical foods designed to support wound healing and provide nutritional support for individuals suffering from muscle wasting conditions such as cancer or HIV/AIDS.

Production and Biological Role

HMB is produced in the human body through the metabolism of the amino acid Leucine, a crucial element in protein synthesis and muscle repair. Despite its endogenous production, the amount created naturally is often insufficient for those seeking to maximize muscle growth, repair, or recovery, leading to its popularity as a supplement.

Uses and Benefits

  • Dietary Supplement: In healthy adults, HMB supplementation is associated with increased gains in muscle size, strength, and lean body mass when combined with exercise.
  • Exercise Recovery: It helps reduce muscle damage from strenuous exercise, improve aerobic performance, and expedite recovery times.
  • Medical Foods: Used in formulations intended to promote wound healing and support individuals with muscle wasting due to severe illnesses like cancer or HIV/AIDS.
  • Age-related Muscle Loss: Studies suggest that HMB helps preserve or increase lean body mass and muscle strength in aging populations, combating sarcopenia.

Mechanism of Action

HMB operates by enhancing protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway and reducing protein degradation in the muscles, thus acting as an anti-catabolic agent. This dual mechanism supports muscle preservation and growth, particularly under conditions of stress or muscle wasting.

Clinical Evidence

Medical reviews and meta-analyses have reinforced the efficacy of HMB supplementation in improving muscle mass and strength, particularly noting its benefits in both exercise settings and clinical conditions of muscle atrophy.

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