Sensory processing disorder

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Sensory processing disorder
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Over- or under-responsiveness to sensory stimuli, difficulty with sensory integration
Complications	N/A
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly genetic and environmental factors
Risks	Autism spectrum disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment, Sensory profile
Differential diagnosis	Autism spectrum disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Anxiety disorder
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Occupational therapy, Sensory integration therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Unknown
Deaths	N/A

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment, leading to challenges in performing everyday tasks. It can significantly impact a person's quality of life and commonly co-occurs with other conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

File:Autism Aspect Sensory Sensitivity 1.png

Autism Aspect Sensory Sensitivity 1

Introduction

Sensory Processing Disorder refers to a difficulty in the way the brain processes sensory information, leading to abnormal responses to ordinary sensory experiences. People with SPD may be over-responsive or under-responsive to sensory stimuli, or may have difficulty with sensory motor skills.<ref>Miller, L. J., et al. (2007). Sensory Processing Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(6), 518-526.</ref>

Symptoms and Types

• Symptoms of SPD can vary widely depending on the individual and the type of SPD they have. The three primary types of SPD are:
• Sensory Modulation Disorder: This is characterized by over- or under-reaction to sensory stimuli.
• Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: This involves difficulty with balance, motor coordination, and the performance of motor tasks.
• Sensory Discrimination Disorder: This is marked by difficulty interpreting subtle characteristics of objects, such as distinguishing between similar sounds, shapes, textures, etc.<ref>Dunn, W.. (2007). Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge. Infants & Young Children, 20(2), 84-101.</ref>

Causes

The exact cause of SPD is not known, but it is believed to be a neurological issue. Research has suggested a genetic component, as the condition often runs in families. Prenatal and birth complications, as well as environmental factors, have also been associated with SPD.<ref>Miller, L. J., & Nielsen, D. M. (2012). Sensational Kids: Hope and Help for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder. Penguin Books.</ref>

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SPD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a trained occupational therapist. This assessment may include standardized testing, structured observation, and parent or teacher interviews.<ref>Parham, L. D., & Ecker, C. (2013). Sensory Processing Measure (SPM). Western Psychological Services.</ref>

Treatment

Treatment for SPD usually involves occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach, in which a person is engaged in meaningful activities that provide sensory stimulation. The goal is to improve the brain's ability to process sensory information. Other interventions, such as physical therapy or speech-language therapy, may also be beneficial depending on the individual's needs.<ref>Schaaf, R. C., & Nightlinger, K. M. (2007). Occupational Therapy Using a Sensory Integrative Approach for Children with Developmental Disabilities. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 30(3), 1-4.</ref>

See Also

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Occupational therapy
• Neurodevelopmental disorders

References

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