Pneumosinus dilatans

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
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Pneumosinus dilatans
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, visual disturbances, facial deformity
Complications	Sinusitis, orbital complications
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Unknown, possibly congenital or acquired
Risks
Diagnosis	CT scan, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Sinusitis, mucocele, osteoma
Prevention
Treatment	Surgery, observation
Medication
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Pneumosinus dilatans is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal expansion of the paranasal sinuses without any evidence of bone destruction or thickening. This condition is often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other reasons.

Pathophysiology

The exact cause of pneumosinus dilatans is not well understood. It is hypothesized that it may result from a chronic increase in air pressure within the sinus cavities, possibly due to obstruction of the sinus outflow tracts. This increased pressure could lead to the gradual expansion of the sinus walls.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with pneumosinus dilatans are often asymptomatic. However, in some cases, they may present with symptoms related to the compression of adjacent structures. These symptoms can include:

• Headache
• Facial pain
• Visual disturbances if the orbit is involved

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of pneumosinus dilatans is primarily made through imaging studies. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) are commonly used to visualize the extent of sinus expansion. The key diagnostic feature is the enlargement of the sinus cavity without any signs of bone erosion or thickening.

Treatment

In most cases, treatment is not necessary unless the patient is symptomatic. If symptoms are present, surgical intervention may be considered to relieve pressure on adjacent structures. The surgical approach may involve creating a new drainage pathway or removing part of the sinus wall to decompress the area.

Related Conditions

Pneumosinus dilatans should be differentiated from other conditions that affect the paranasal sinuses, such as:

• Sinusitis
• Mucocele
• Osteoma

See also

• Paranasal sinuses
• Sinusitis
• Computed tomography