Stromal cell

Stromal cell

Stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, lymph node and the ovary. They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. The most common type of stromal cell, fibroblasts, produce the extracellular matrix consisting mainly of collagen and also glycosaminoglycans. Other types of stromal cells include immune cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes.

Function

Stromal cells provide an infrastructure for the tissues they reside in, and have the ability to differentiate into other cell types as needed. They also play a crucial role in the immune response and inflammation. Stromal cells can also have a role in tumor growth, where they can facilitate the process of metastasis.

Types of Stromal Cells

There are several types of stromal cells, including:

• Fibroblasts: These cells produce the extracellular matrix, which provides structural support to tissues and organs.
• Immune cells: These cells are part of the body's immune system and help fight off infections.
• Endothelial cells: These cells line the inside of blood vessels and help regulate blood flow.
• Pericytes: These cells surround the endothelial cells of capillaries and venules throughout the body.
• Smooth muscle cells: These cells are found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines and stomach.
• Adipocytes: These cells store fat and play a role in regulating metabolism.

Stromal Cells and Disease

Stromal cells can play a role in the development of various diseases, including cancer. In cancer, stromal cells can facilitate the growth and spread of tumors. Research is ongoing to better understand the role of stromal cells in disease and to develop new treatments that target these cells.

See Also

• Connective tissue
• Extracellular matrix
• Collagen
• Glycosaminoglycans
• Metastasis

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