Phidippides cardiomyopathy

Phidippides cardiomyopathy refers to the cardiomyopathic changes that occurs after long periods of endurance training. It was named after Phidippides, the famous Greek runner who died after running from Marathon to Athens in 490 BC.

It was coined by Dr Justin E. Trivax MD, director of the Beaumont Cardiovascular Performance Clinic and Associate Professor at the Oakland University / William Beaumont School of Medicine, during his fellowship at Beaumont Health.<ref>Trivax, Justin E.,

 Phidippides cardiomyopathy: a review and case illustration, 
 Clinical Cardiology, 
 
 Vol. 35(Issue: 2),
 pp. 69–73,
 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20994,
 PMID: 22222888,</ref><ref>http://www.iowaheartfoundation.org/upl/downloads/presentations/heart-disease-in-the-endurance-athlete-phidippides-cardiomyopathy-and-beyond.pdf</ref>

This has been quoted in the literature multiple times and has been inaccurately thought that Dr. James O'Keefe had coined the term. <ref> Beresini, Erin,

 Is Running Dangerous for Your Heart? Full text, 
 Outside Online, 
  
 2012-12-17, 
  
  
 Accessed on: 2017-08-27.

</ref> He was speaking about the sudden death of Micah True, a 58-year-old ultrarunner and cult hero a.k.a. Caballo Blanco who died on a 12-mile training jog in the rugged Gila Wilderness of southwest New Mexico. After an autopsy, the Albuquerque coroner wrote that “Micah True died as a result of cardiomyopathy during exertion”. Since then, multiple websites have warned their readers on the possible damage from prolonged endurance training.<ref> ,

 Cycling and heart health: should you worry about pushing your heart too hard? - Cycling Weekly Full text, 
 Cycling Weekly, 
  
  
  
  
 Accessed on: 2017-08-27.

</ref>

The suggested etiology for Phidippides Cardiomyopathy is the cardiac remodeling from prolonged strenuous exercises.

The repeated prolonged states of volume overload in the right atrium and right ventricle from endurance training will lead to chronic structural changes. Long term changes include patches of cardiac fibrosis which can allow zones of re-entry for cardiac arrhythmias.<ref>http://www.iowaheartfoundation.org/upl/downloads/presentations/heart-disease-in-the-endurance-athlete-phidippides-cardiomyopathy-and-beyond.pdf</ref>

It is suggested that Cardiac MRI is the best imaging modality<ref>Trivax, Justin E.,

 Phidippides cardiomyopathy: a review and case illustration, 
 Clinical Cardiology, 
 
 Vol. 35(Issue: 2),
 pp. 69–73,
 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20994,
 PMID: 22222888,</ref> to investigate this condition.

Controversy

There is not much evidence describing this condition and other than a case report,<ref>Trivax, Justin E.,

 Phidippides cardiomyopathy: a review and case illustration, 
 Clinical Cardiology, 
 
 Vol. 35(Issue: 2),
 pp. 69–73,
 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20994,
 PMID: 22222888,</ref> no other studies have corroborated the pathophysiological changes suggested by  O'Keefe.

Not all experts agree with Trivax and O'Keefe. Many feel that further research is necessary to understand this condition better.

References

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