Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTP gene. It is a large protein complex required for the transport of lipids. MTP is found within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.

Function

MTP is essential for the assembly and secretion of lipoprotein particles. It transfers lipids to the nascent apolipoprotein B, a major component of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This process is crucial for the body's lipid metabolism.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the MTP gene can lead to a rare disorder called Abetalipoproteinemia, characterized by a near absence of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in plasma, leading to malabsorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

Inhibition of MTP can reduce the levels of VLDL and LDL, which are risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Therefore, MTP inhibitors are being studied as potential treatments for these conditions.

Pharmacology

MTP inhibitors, such as Lomitapide, have been developed as drugs to lower LDL cholesterol levels. These drugs work by reducing the production of VLDL in the liver, which in turn lowers the amount of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.

See also

• Lipid metabolism
• Apolipoprotein B
• Lomitapide
• Abetalipoproteinemia