Theophylline/ephedrine

Combination drug used in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory conditions

Theophylline/Ephedrine

Chemical structure of Theophylline

Chemical structure of Ephedrine

Theophylline/ephedrine is a combination medication used primarily in the management of asthma and other respiratory diseases. This combination leverages the bronchodilator effects of both theophylline and ephedrine to improve airflow and reduce symptoms associated with bronchoconstriction.

Pharmacology

Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug that acts as a bronchodilator. It works by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and subsequent relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. Additionally, theophylline has anti-inflammatory properties and can improve diaphragmatic contractility, which is beneficial in respiratory conditions.

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. Its primary action in the context of respiratory therapy is bronchodilation, achieved through beta-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation. Ephedrine also has mild central nervous system stimulant effects, which can contribute to increased alertness and reduced fatigue in patients.

Clinical Use

Theophylline/ephedrine is used in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other conditions characterized by reversible airway obstruction. The combination is particularly useful in patients who require both bronchodilation and a mild stimulant effect to alleviate symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of theophylline/ephedrine must be carefully adjusted based on the patient's response and tolerance. Therapeutic drug monitoring of theophylline levels is often necessary to avoid toxicity, as the therapeutic window is narrow. The medication is typically administered orally, and the dosing schedule may vary depending on the specific formulation and patient needs.

Side Effects

Common side effects of theophylline/ephedrine include nausea, headache, insomnia, and palpitations. Due to the stimulant effects of ephedrine, patients may also experience nervousness and tremors. Serious side effects can include arrhythmias and seizures, particularly if theophylline levels become elevated.

Contraindications

Theophylline/ephedrine is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to either component. Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, or seizure disorders due to the potential exacerbation of these conditions.

Related Pages

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Bronchodilator
• Methylxanthine
• Sympathomimetic drug