Lily of the valley

Species of flowering plant

Lily of the Valley

Lily of the Valley in bloom

Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) is a perennial plant known for its sweetly scented, bell-shaped white flowers. It is native to the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia and Europe.

Description

Botanical illustration of Convallaria majalis

Lily of the Valley is a herbaceous perennial plant that forms extensive colonies by spreading underground stems called rhizomes. The plant typically grows to 15–30 cm tall, with two leaves 10–25 cm long and a raceme of 5–15 flowers on the stem apex. The flowers are white, sometimes pink, and have a sweet fragrance.

Cultivation

Lily of the Valley is widely cultivated for its attractive and fragrant flowers. It prefers partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. The plant is hardy and can be grown in USDA zones 2 to 9. It is often used in gardens and as a ground cover in shaded areas.

Varieties

Convallaria majalis cv. Plena

Several cultivars of Lily of the Valley have been developed, including:

• Convallaria majalis cv. Plena - a double-flowered form.
• Convallaria majalis cv. Rosea - a pink-flowered form.

Toxicity

Chemical structure of a cardiac glycoside

All parts of the plant are highly poisonous if ingested. The plant contains cardiac glycosides, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and cardiac arrhythmias. It is important to handle the plant with care and keep it away from children and pets.

Cultural Significance

Lily of the Valley is a symbol of purity, humility, and the return of happiness. It is the national flower of Finland and is associated with May Day celebrations in many cultures. The plant is also used in perfumes and cosmetics for its fragrance.

In Popular Culture

Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, with a bouquet featuring Lily of the Valley

Lily of the Valley was featured in the bridal bouquet of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, during her wedding to Prince William in 2011. The flower is often used in weddings and other ceremonies for its beauty and fragrance.

Related Pages

• Perennial plant
• Cardiac glycoside
• May Day
• National symbols of Finland