Elm

Elm is a type of tree that belongs to the Ulmaceae family. The name "elm" is derived from the ancient Germanic word "elmaz". Over time, this word evolved into the Old English "elm", which eventually became the modern term.

Etymology

The word "elm" is derived from the ancient Germanic word "elmaz". Over time, this word evolved into the Old English "elm", which eventually became the modern term. The Latin name for the elm tree is Ulmus.

Description

Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus Ulmus in the plant family Ulmaceae. The genus first appeared in the Miocene geological period about 20 million years ago, originating in what is now central Asia.

Species

There are about 30 to 40 species of elm. The exact number is uncertain due to the high number of hybrids and cultivars. Some of the most common species include the American elm (Ulmus americana), the English elm (Ulmus procera), and the Wych elm (Ulmus glabra).

Uses

Elm wood is valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in wagon wheel hubs, chair seats and coffins. The often long, straight, trunks were favoured as a source of timber for keels in ship construction.

Diseases

Elms are susceptible to a number of diseases, the most devastating of which is Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi). This fungal disease was accidentally introduced to America and Europe from Asia in the 20th century and has since killed millions of trees.

Conservation

Efforts to conserve the elm populations include breeding programs to create hybrids resistant to Dutch elm disease. These programs have had some success, with new varieties now available that show good resistance to the disease.

See also

• List of Elm species
• Dutch Elm Disease
• Elm Yellows
• Elm Leaf Beetle

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