Pyloric stenosis

Pyloric stenosis is a condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract in infants. It is characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, the lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine. This condition can cause severe vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration.

Symptoms and signs

The most common symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, which typically starts around three weeks of age. Other symptoms can include weight loss, dehydration, and changes in bowel movements. Infants with this condition may also appear to be constantly hungry.

Causes

The exact cause of pyloric stenosis is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some studies suggest that certain antibiotics taken during pregnancy or in the first weeks of a baby's life can increase the risk of developing this condition.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis involves a physical examination and medical history. The doctor may also order tests such as an ultrasound or a barium swallow to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The primary treatment for pyloric stenosis is surgery, known as a pyloromyotomy. This procedure involves cutting the muscle of the pylorus to allow food to pass through more easily. Most infants recover quickly after surgery and have no long-term health effects.

Epidemiology

Pyloric stenosis is more common in males than in females, and it often runs in families. It is also more common in first-born children. The condition affects approximately 2 to 4 out of every 1,000 babies in the United States.

See also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Pylorus
• Projectile vomiting
• Pyloromyotomy

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Pyloric_stenosis

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  Diagram of the stomach showing the pylorus
• Ultrasound image of pyloric stenosis
  Ultrasound image of pyloric stenosis
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  Surgical image of pyloromyotomy
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  Horizontal view of pyloric stenosis
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  Image showing pylorus stenosis
• Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy scar, 6 hours post-operation
  Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy scar, 6 hours post-operation