JWH-018

JWH-018 is a synthetic cannabinoid found in several versions of the herbal mixture "Spice." Illicit use of this Spice cannabinoid centers on its psychoactive effects which mimic those of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal active component of marijuana.

Chemistry

JWH-018 is a mildly selective agonist of the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor, derived from the aminoalkylindole family. It possesses an aminoalkylindole moiety, which is bound to a naphthoyl group. These synthetic cannabinoids are characterized by common chemical features: a lipophilic group, a linker, a core, and a polar group.

Pharmacology

JWH-018, like other synthetic cannabinoids, is a full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with some selectivity for CB2. It produces effects in animals similar to those of THC, but with a longer duration of action. The CB1 receptor is found primarily in the brain, and mediates the psychological effects of THC. The CB2 receptor is found primarily in the immune system, and is responsible for the anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects of cannabis.

Legal status

JWH-018 is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, and is illegal in many other countries. It is often sold in a white powder form, sometimes mixed with other substances. The amount of JWH-018 in these mixtures can vary greatly, leading to a high potential for overdose.

Health effects

The health effects of JWH-018 are not fully known. Acute toxic effects include tachycardia, hypertension, minor hallucinatory states, agitation, anxiety, seizures, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, and acute renal failure. Chronic use can lead to addiction and withdrawal symptoms similar to those of cannabis.

See also

• Cannabinoid receptor
• Synthetic cannabinoids
• Spice (drug)

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