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Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain Coffea species. When coffee berries turn from green to bright red in color – indicating ripeness – they are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as "beans") are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and then brewed with near-boiling water to produce the beverage known as coffee.

History

Coffee plants are native to tropical regions of Africa, specifically areas around Ethiopia. From there, it spread to the Middle East and Europe, and eventually to the Americas and the rest of the world. The first reliable evidence of coffee drinking dates to the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.

Cultivation and production

Coffee is a major export commodity, being the top legal agricultural export for numerous countries. It is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. Green, unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.

Preparation

Coffee can be prepared in several ways, including drip brewing, French press, and espresso. The method of preparation has a significant impact on the taste of the final product.

Health effects

Coffee consumption has been studied for its health effects, both beneficial and detrimental. A moderate amount of coffee can reduce the risk of several diseases, including Parkinson's disease and liver disease, but excessive consumption can lead to anxiety and sleep disorders.

See also

• Coffee culture
• Coffeehouse
• History of coffee
• List of coffee drinks

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