Somatic mutation

Somatic mutation refers to a change in the DNA that occurs after conception. These mutations can occur in any of the cells of the body except the germ cells (sperm and egg) and therefore are not passed on to children. These alterations can (but do not always) cause cancer or other diseases.

Causes

Somatic mutations can be caused by environmental factors, such as exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals, or can occur if a mistake is made as DNA copies itself during cell division.

Types

There are several types of somatic mutations, including:

• Point mutations: A single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted.
• Copy number alterations: A part of the genome is either deleted or amplified.
• Structural alterations: Large parts of the genome are rearranged, which can lead to the fusion of two separate genes.

Effects

Somatic mutations can lead to the development of diseases, including cancer. This is because they can cause cells to multiply uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor. However, not all somatic mutations result in disease. Some can actually be beneficial, helping an organism to adapt to changing environments.

Detection

Somatic mutations can be detected using various techniques, such as DNA sequencing or comparative genomic hybridization.

See also

• Genetic mutation
• Cancer
• DNA sequencing
• Comparative genomic hybridization

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Somatic mutation

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