Keratomalacia

Keratomalacia is a disease of the eye that results from vitamin A deficiency. It is characterized by corneal necrosis (death of cells and living tissue) due to the lack of vitamin A, which is necessary for the health of the eye.

Causes

Keratomalacia is primarily caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin A. This deficiency can occur due to a diet lacking in vitamin A, or due to a problem with the body's ability to absorb the vitamin from food. Other causes can include malnutrition, alcoholism, and malabsorption syndromes.

Symptoms

The symptoms of keratomalacia can include night blindness, dry eyes, Bitot's spots, and corneal ulceration. If left untreated, the disease can lead to blindness.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of keratomalacia is typically made based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination of the eye. A blood test may also be done to measure the level of vitamin A in the body.

Treatment

The treatment for keratomalacia involves replacing the deficient vitamin A. This can be done through dietary changes, vitamin supplements, or in severe cases, intravenous therapy. In addition, any underlying conditions contributing to the vitamin A deficiency, such as malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes, should be treated.

Prevention

Prevention of keratomalacia involves maintaining a diet that is rich in vitamin A. Foods that are high in vitamin A include carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach. In areas where vitamin A deficiency is common, vitamin A supplements may be provided to prevent the disease.

See also

• Vitamin A deficiency
• Xerophthalmia
• Night blindness

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Keratomalacia

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  Bilateral corneal opacifications with sparing of the superior corneas in the distribution of the upper eyelids