Pterygium

Pterygium

A pterygium as seen under a slit lamp examination.

A pterygium is a benign growth of the conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea. It is often triangular in shape and can vary in size. Pterygia are more common in people who live in sunny climates and are thought to be related to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure.

Pathophysiology

The exact cause of pterygium formation is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a response to chronic irritation and exposure to UV light. The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent tissue that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. In pterygium, this tissue proliferates and grows onto the cornea, potentially affecting vision if it encroaches on the pupil.

Clinical Features

Pterygia are usually asymptomatic but can cause symptoms such as:

• Redness
• Irritation
• Foreign body sensation
• Tearing
• Blurred vision if the pterygium grows over the cornea

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a pterygium is typically made through a clinical examination. A slit lamp examination, as shown in the image, allows for detailed inspection of the pterygium's size, shape, and extent of corneal involvement.

Treatment

Treatment options for pterygium include:

• Observation: Small, asymptomatic pterygia may not require treatment.
• Lubricating eye drops: To alleviate irritation and dryness.
• Surgical removal: Indicated if the pterygium is causing significant symptoms or threatening vision by encroaching on the visual axis.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Wearing sunglasses with UV protection
• Using wide-brimmed hats to shield the eyes from sunlight
• Avoiding prolonged exposure to UV light

Related Pages

• Conjunctiva
• Cornea
• Ultraviolet light
• Slit lamp