Pterygomaxillary fissure

Pterygomaxillary Fissure

Diagram of the pterygomaxillary fissure.

The pterygomaxillary fissure is a vertical gap in the human skull that serves as a passageway for neurovascular structures. It is located between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the posterior aspect of the maxilla. This fissure is an important anatomical landmark in the pterygopalatine fossa, which is a deep space in the skull that houses several important nerves and blood vessels.

Anatomy

The pterygomaxillary fissure is bounded anteriorly by the maxilla and posteriorly by the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. Superiorly, it is continuous with the inferior orbital fissure, and inferiorly, it opens into the pterygopalatine fossa.

Contents

The pterygomaxillary fissure transmits the maxillary artery, which is a major branch of the external carotid artery. This artery supplies blood to the deep structures of the face, including the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and pharynx.

Clinical Significance

The pterygomaxillary fissure is of clinical importance due to its role in surgical approaches to the pterygopalatine fossa. Surgeons may access this area to treat conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia or to perform maxillary sinus surgery. Understanding the anatomy of the pterygomaxillary fissure is crucial for avoiding damage to the maxillary artery and associated nerves during such procedures.

Related Pages

• Pterygopalatine fossa
• Maxillary artery
• Sphenoid bone
• Maxilla