Ileal vessels

Ileal Vessels

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Illustration of the ileal vessels.

The ileal vessels are a group of blood vessels that supply the ileum, which is the final and longest segment of the small intestine. These vessels are crucial for providing the necessary blood flow to support the ileum's functions in digestion and nutrient absorption.

Anatomy

The ileal vessels primarily consist of branches from the superior mesenteric artery and the superior mesenteric vein.

Arterial Supply

The arterial supply to the ileum is provided by the ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery. This artery arises from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to a large portion of the small intestine, including the ileum.

• Superior Mesenteric Artery: The superior mesenteric artery gives off numerous branches that form an extensive network of arcades, which further divide into vasa recta that directly supply the ileum.

Venous Drainage

The venous drainage of the ileum is through the superior mesenteric vein, which parallels the arterial supply and eventually drains into the portal vein.

• Superior Mesenteric Vein: This vein collects blood from the ileum and other parts of the small intestine, transporting nutrient-rich blood to the liver via the portal vein.

Function

The ileal vessels play a vital role in maintaining the health and function of the ileum by ensuring an adequate blood supply. This blood flow is essential for:

• Nutrient Absorption: The ileum is responsible for absorbing vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining nutrients not absorbed by the jejunum.
• Immune Function: The ileum contains Peyer's patches, which are important for immune surveillance and response in the gastrointestinal tract.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the ileal vessels can lead to significant clinical conditions, such as:

• Ischemia: Reduced blood flow due to blockage or narrowing of the ileal vessels can cause ischemia, leading to pain and potential necrosis of the ileum.
• Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like Crohn's disease can affect the blood supply to the ileum, exacerbating symptoms and complications.

Related Pages

• Small intestine
• Superior mesenteric artery
• Superior mesenteric vein
• Portal vein
• Crohn's disease