Actinic cheilitis

Actinic cheilitis

A lip condition caused by long-term sun exposure

Actinic cheilitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lips due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is considered a form of actinic keratosis and is a precancerous condition that can potentially lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

Signs and symptoms

Actinic cheilitis primarily affects the lower lip, which is more exposed to sunlight than the upper lip. The condition manifests as:

• Dryness and cracking of the lips
• Loss of the sharp border between the lip and the skin (vermilion border)
• Whitish discoloration or thickening of the lip
• Development of scaly patches or ulcers

Causes

The primary cause of actinic cheilitis is chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly from sunlight. Other contributing factors may include:

• Fair skin type
• Outdoor occupations or activities
• Lack of lip protection, such as lip balm with sunscreen

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of actinic cheilitis is typically made through clinical examination. A biopsy may be performed to rule out malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. The biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the affected area for histopathological examination.

Treatment

Treatment options for actinic cheilitis aim to remove or destroy the damaged tissue and may include:

• Cryotherapy: Freezing the affected tissue with liquid nitrogen
• Topical chemotherapy: Application of 5-fluorouracil cream
• Laser therapy: Using laser to remove the damaged tissue
• Photodynamic therapy: Using light-activated drugs to destroy abnormal cells

Prevention

Preventive measures for actinic cheilitis focus on reducing sun exposure and protecting the lips, such as:

• Using lip balms with high SPF
• Wearing wide-brimmed hats
• Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours

Prognosis

With early detection and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for actinic cheilitis is generally good. However, if left untreated, there is a risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, which requires more extensive treatment.

Related pages

• Actinic keratosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Skin cancer

Gallery

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  Actinic cheilitis on the lower lip