Trismus

Trismus

Symptoms of trismus, commonly known as lockjaw.

Trismus, commonly referred to as lockjaw, is a condition characterized by reduced ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm. It is often associated with tetanus, but can also result from other causes such as trauma, infection, or dental procedures.

Causes

Trismus can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Tetanus: A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani that affects the nervous system and leads to muscle stiffness and spasms.
• Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ): Disorders affecting the jaw joint and muscles controlling jaw movement.
• Oral surgery: Procedures such as wisdom tooth extraction can lead to temporary trismus.
• Infection: Infections in the mouth or throat, such as peritonsillar abscess, can cause trismus.
• Trauma: Injury to the jaw or surrounding muscles can result in trismus.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of trismus is the inability to fully open the mouth. Other symptoms may include:

• Pain in the jaw or face
• Difficulty speaking
• Difficulty swallowing
• Headache

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of trismus involves a physical examination and medical history review. Imaging studies such as X-ray or MRI may be used to identify underlying causes. In cases where infection is suspected, laboratory tests may be conducted.

Treatment

Treatment for trismus depends on the underlying cause. Common approaches include:

• Physical therapy: Exercises to improve jaw mobility.
• Medication: Muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics if infection is present.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct structural issues.

Prevention

Preventive measures for trismus include maintaining good oral hygiene, seeking prompt treatment for infections, and using protective gear to prevent jaw injuries.

Related pages

• Tetanus
• Temporomandibular joint disorder
• Oral surgery