Underweight

Underweight

Body mass index chart

Underweight is a term describing a human who has a body weight considered too low to be healthy. It is often defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than 18.5. The condition can be a result of various factors, including malnutrition, eating disorders, or underlying medical conditions.

Causes

There are several potential causes of being underweight:

• Malnutrition: Insufficient intake of calories and essential nutrients can lead to underweight.
• Eating disorders: Conditions such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa can result in significant weight loss.
• Metabolic disorders: Conditions like hyperthyroidism can increase metabolism, leading to weight loss.
• Chronic diseases: Diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS can cause weight loss.
• Genetics: Some individuals may naturally have a lower body weight due to genetic factors.

Health Risks

Being underweight can pose several health risks, including:

• Nutrient deficiencies: Lack of essential vitamins and minerals can lead to various health issues.
• Osteoporosis: Increased risk of bone fractures due to low bone density.
• Immune system impairment: Increased susceptibility to infections.
• Fertility issues: In women, being underweight can lead to amenorrhea and reduced fertility.
• Anemia: A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Diagnosis

Underweight is typically diagnosed using the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight. Additional assessments may include dietary evaluations, blood tests, and medical history reviews to determine underlying causes.

Treatment

Treatment for underweight individuals focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include:

• Nutritional counseling: Developing a balanced diet plan to ensure adequate calorie and nutrient intake.
• Medical treatment: Addressing any underlying medical conditions contributing to weight loss.
• Psychological support: For those with eating disorders, therapy and support groups can be beneficial.
• Exercise: A tailored exercise program to build muscle mass and improve overall health.

Related pages

• Body Mass Index
• Malnutrition
• Eating disorders
• Nutrient deficiencies

References

• "Body Mass Index - BMI." World Health Organization. Retrieved from [1]
• "Underweight Adults." National Health Service. Retrieved from [2]
• "Eating Disorders." National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved from [3]