Cardinal

The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a bird in the genus Cardinalis; it is also known colloquially as the redbird, common cardinal, or just cardinal. It is a member of the Cardinalidae family, which includes other cardinals, grosbeaks, and buntings.

Description

The Northern Cardinal is a medium-sized songbird with a body length of about 21–23 cm (8.3–9.1 in) and a wingspan of 25–31 cm (9.8–12.2 in). The male is a vibrant red with a black mask on its face, while the female is a more subdued brown with reddish tinges on the wings, tail, and crest. Both sexes have a distinctive crest on the head and a thick, orange-red bill.

Distribution and Habitat

Northern Cardinals are found throughout the eastern and central United States from Maine to Texas and south through Mexico and Central America. They inhabit woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and wetlands. Cardinals are non-migratory, meaning they stay in their range year-round.

Behavior

Feeding

Cardinals are primarily granivorous, feeding on seeds, grains, and fruits. They also consume insects, especially during the breeding season when they need extra protein for their young. Cardinals are known to visit bird feeders, where they are attracted to sunflower seeds and safflower seeds.

Breeding

The breeding season for Northern Cardinals begins in early spring. Males are known for their courtship displays, which include singing and feeding the female. The female builds a cup-shaped nest in dense shrubs or trees, where she lays 2-5 eggs. Both parents participate in feeding the chicks.

Vocalizations

Cardinals are known for their loud, clear whistles, which are used for communication between mates and to establish territory. Their song is a series of clear, down-slurred or two-parted whistles, often repeated several times.

Conservation Status

The Northern Cardinal is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is a common and widespread species with a stable population trend.

Cultural Significance

The Northern Cardinal is the state bird of seven U.S. states: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia. Its striking appearance and pleasant song make it a favorite among bird watchers and nature enthusiasts.

References

• All About Birds: Northern Cardinal
• Audubon Field Guide: Northern Cardinal

External Links

• Wikipedia: Cardinal (bird)