House of Hohenzollern
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The House of Hohenzollern (German: Haus Hohenzollern ) is a German noble family and dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings, and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania. The family arose in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century and took their name from Hohenzollern Castle.
History
The Hohenzollern family split into two branches, the Catholic Swabian branch and the Protestant Franconian branch, which later became the Brandenburg-Prussian branch. The Swabian branch ruled the County of Hohenzollern until 1849, while the Franconian branch rose to prominence in the Holy Roman Empire.
Franconian Branch
The Franconian branch began with Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg, who was granted the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1415. His descendants became the Electors of Brandenburg and later the Kings of Prussia. The most notable member of this branch was Frederick the Great, who expanded Prussian territories and established Prussia as a major European power.
Swabian Branch
The Swabian branch ruled the small principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern-Hechingen. In 1849, the last prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen abdicated, and the territories were annexed by Prussia. The Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen branch continued to rule in Romania until the abolition of the monarchy in 1947.
Notable Members
- Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
- Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
- Frederick I of Prussia
- Frederick the Great
- Wilhelm II, German Emperor
- Carol I of Romania
- Ferdinand I of Romania
Legacy
The House of Hohenzollern played a crucial role in the history of Germany and Europe. They were instrumental in the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. The family's influence waned after World War I, with the abdication of Wilhelm II, German Emperor in 1918.
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