Post-exposure prophylaxis

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a preventive medical treatment that begins after exposure to a pathogen (such as a disease-causing virus or bacteria) in order to prevent infection and the spread of disease. PEP is used in medicine for various types of potential exposures, including occupational exposure to HIV and other bloodborne pathogens, sexual exposure to HIV, and exposure to rabies.

Types of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) involves taking antiretroviral medicines as soon as possible after a potential exposure to HIV. This can include occupational exposure (for example, healthcare workers who have a needlestick injury during their work) or non-occupational exposure (such as sexual exposure or injection drug use).

Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (Rabies PEP) is given to individuals who have been bitten or scratched by an animal suspected to have rabies. The treatment includes a series of vaccinations that are given as soon as possible after the exposure.

Effectiveness

The effectiveness of PEP depends on the type of exposure, the type of pathogen, the time between exposure and the start of treatment, and the specific treatment regimen used. For example, HIV PEP is most effective when started within 72 hours after a potential exposure.

Side Effects

Side effects of PEP can include nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea. These side effects can often be managed with supportive care and do not usually require discontinuation of PEP.

See Also

• Pre-exposure prophylaxis
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Rabies vaccine

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