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Gelsemium sempervirens is a species of flowering plant in the family Gelsemiaceae. It is native to subtropical and tropical America, from Guatemala north to the Southeastern United States. Common names include yellow jessamine or Carolina jessamine.

Description

Gelsemium sempervirens is an evergreen climbing vine, growing to 3–20 m high. The leaves are shiny, lanceolate, 5–10 cm long and 1–1.5 cm broad, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are yellow, trumpet-shaped, 3–5 cm long, and borne in clusters of two to five. The fruit is a capsule up to 4 cm long, containing numerous seeds.

Distribution and habitat

Gelsemium sempervirens is found in a variety of habitats, from coastal plains to Piedmont, in full sun to partial shade. It is most commonly found in open woods, thickets, and along roadsides. It is tolerant of a variety of soil types, but prefers well-drained soils.

Uses

Gelsemium sempervirens has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, including anxiety, neuralgia, and migraines. However, all parts of the plant are highly toxic if ingested, and can cause paralysis and death.

Toxicity

The plant contains several toxic compounds, including gelsemine, gelseminine, and sempervirine. Symptoms of poisoning include weakness, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and seizures. There is no known antidote, and treatment is supportive.

Conservation

While not currently listed as threatened or endangered, Gelsemium sempervirens is vulnerable to habitat loss due to urban development and agriculture.

See also

• List of poisonous plants
• Gelsemiaceae

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