Umbilical cord

Umbilical cord

The Umbilical cord is a tube-like structure that connects a developing fetus to the placenta in mammals, including humans. It is a critical part of the pregnancy process, providing the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother.

Structure

The umbilical cord is made up of three blood vessels: two smaller umbilical arteries that carry blood from the fetus to the placenta, and one larger umbilical vein that returns blood to the fetus. These vessels are surrounded by a gelatinous substance known as Wharton's jelly, which provides protection and prevents compression of the blood vessels.

Function

The primary function of the umbilical cord is to transport oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus, and to carry waste products away from the fetus. It also serves as a source of stem cells, which can be used in medical treatments.

Clinical significance

Problems with the umbilical cord can lead to serious complications during pregnancy and childbirth. These can include umbilical cord prolapse, where the cord drops through the cervix before the baby, and umbilical cord compression, which can reduce blood flow to the fetus.

See also

• Placenta
• Fetus
• Pregnancy
• Umbilical cord prolapse
• Umbilical cord compression

References

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