Pretibial myxedema

Pretibial myxedema (PTM) is a dermatological condition often associated with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is also known as thyroid dermopathy. The skin condition is characterized by swelling in the lower legs and feet.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of pretibial myxedema is the appearance of raised, thickened areas of skin on the shins and feet. These areas may be red, pink, or brown, and may have a waxy or shiny appearance. Other symptoms can include:

• Skin that appears swollen or puffy
• Skin that feels tight or stiff
• Skin that is red or warm to the touch
• Difficulty moving the affected area

Causes

Pretibial myxedema is caused by an autoimmune response in Graves' disease where antibodies attack the tissues under the skin, causing inflammation and the accumulation of a substance called glycosaminoglycans.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pretibial myxedema is usually based on the characteristic appearance of the skin and a history of Graves' disease. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for pretibial myxedema can include:

• Corticosteroid creams or ointments to reduce inflammation
• Compression stockings to reduce swelling
• In severe cases, oral corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs may be used

Prognosis

The prognosis for pretibial myxedema is generally good, although the condition can be persistent and may recur. Treatment can help to manage symptoms and improve the appearance of the skin.

See also

• Graves' disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Dermatology
• Autoimmune disease

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