Tunica intima

Tunica intima or intima is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flowing through the artery or vein.

Structure

The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounded by the tunica media and the tunica adventitia. It is composed of a layer of simple squamous endothelium cells supported by a 'subendothelial layer' of collagen. The endothelial cells sit on a basement membrane, which is a layer of proteins and other molecules that provide support and anchorage for the cells.

Function

The tunica intima has several important functions. It provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood, reducing friction and preventing blood clot formation. The endothelial cells also produce substances that control vasodilation and vasoconstriction, helping to regulate blood pressure and blood flow. In addition, they play a role in inflammation and immune response.

Clinical significance

Damage to the tunica intima can lead to a number of medical conditions. For example, atherosclerosis involves the build-up of fatty deposits in the tunica intima, which can restrict blood flow and lead to heart disease or stroke. Inflammation of the tunica intima, known as vasculitis, can also cause serious health problems.

See also

• Tunica media
• Tunica adventitia
• Endothelium
• Atherosclerosis
• Vasculitis

References

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