Substance P

Substance P is a neuropeptide, a type of neurotransmitter, that is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. It is a member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family and is known for its role in pain perception.

Structure

Substance P is an 11-amino acid polypeptide with the sequence Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met. It is derived from the preprotachykinin A gene, which also produces neurokinin A and neurokinin B.

Function

Substance P is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. It is released from the terminals of specific sensory nerves and is involved in the transmission of pain signals to the brain. It is also involved in the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress, reinforcement, neurogenesis, respiratory rhythm, neurotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting.

Clinical significance

Substance P and its receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor, are potential targets for new medicines for a range of disorders, including depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Substance P is also involved in the vomiting reflex and has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.

See also

• Neuropeptide
• Neurotransmitter
• Tachykinin neuropeptide family
• Preprotachykinin A
• Neurokinin A
• Neurokinin B
• Neurokinin 1 receptor

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