Truncus arteriosus

Truncus arteriosus is a rare type of congenital heart disease that presents at birth. In this condition, a single common blood vessel comes out of the heart, instead of the usual two (the aorta and the pulmonary artery).

Symptoms

The symptoms of truncus arteriosus may vary, but often include cyanosis (blue skin, lips and nails due to lack of oxygen), poor feeding, excessive sweating, rapid breathing, fatigue and delayed growth and development.

Causes

Truncus arteriosus occurs during fetal growth when the baby's heart is developing. While the exact cause is unknown, some cases have been associated with specific genetic disorders, such as DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome).

Diagnosis

Truncus arteriosus is usually diagnosed soon after birth due to the presence of a heart murmur or symptoms of heart failure. Diagnostic tests may include a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, or cardiac catheterization.

Treatment

Treatment for truncus arteriosus is surgical and aims to separate the blood flow to the lungs and the body. This involves closing off the original common blood vessel and creating a new pathway (conduit) for blood to reach the lungs. The conduit is usually replaced as the child grows.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for children with truncus arteriosus has greatly improved. However, lifelong medical care is often necessary to monitor and manage potential health problems.

See also

• Congenital heart defect
• Heart surgery
• Pediatric cardiology

References

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