Toxicodendron

Toxicodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. It contains trees, shrubs, and woody vines, including poison ivy, poison oak, and the lacquer tree. All members of the genus produce the skin-irritating oil urushiol, which can cause a severe allergic reaction.

Description

The genus Toxicodendron has about 15 species. They vary in size from small shrubs to large trees, and are primarily found in North America and Asia. The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with leaflets in pairs, except for a single terminal leaflet. The flowers are small, with five petals and five sepals, and they are produced in clusters. The fruit is a small drupe.

Species

The following species are included in the genus Toxicodendron:

• Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy)
• Toxicodendron diversilobum (poison oak)
• Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac)
• Toxicodendron succedaneum (Japanese wax tree)
• Toxicodendron vernicifluum (lacquer tree)

Toxicity

All members of the genus produce an oil, urushiol, which can cause a severe allergic reaction in humans. This reaction, known as urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, can result in a rash, itching, and blistering. The severity of the reaction varies from person to person, and can be influenced by the amount of oil contact and individual sensitivity.

Treatment

Treatment for exposure to Toxicodendron involves washing the affected area with soap and water to remove the oil, and applying a topical corticosteroid to reduce inflammation. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed. Antihistamines can help to relieve itching.

See also

• Anacardiaceae
• Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis

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