Unstable angina

Unstable angina is a condition that is characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood (and thus oxygen) as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries is narrowed or blocked, also known as ischemia.

Causes

Unstable angina is caused by the formation of a blood clot that partially or totally blocks an artery in the heart. The most common cause is atherosclerosis, a disease in which a fatty material called plaque builds up on the inner walls of the coronary arteries. Other causes include blood clots, coronary artery spasm, or extreme physical exertion.

Symptoms

The symptoms of unstable angina are similar to those of a heart attack and may include chest pain or discomfort, which may travel from the chest to the jaw, neck, arms, back or even the teeth. The patient may also experience shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of unstable angina is made based on the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and several tests. These tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests, a chest X-ray, a coronary angiogram, or a stress test.

Treatment

The treatment of unstable angina includes medications to reduce the heart's demand for oxygen and to prevent blood clots from forming. It may also include a procedure to restore blood flow to the heart, such as angioplasty and stenting, or coronary artery bypass surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for unstable angina is generally good with treatment. However, it is a serious condition that needs immediate medical attention and can lead to a heart attack or cardiac arrest if not treated promptly.

See also

• Angina pectoris
• Coronary artery disease
• Heart attack
• Ischemic heart disease

References

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