Spinal column

Spinal Column

The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column or backbone, is a complex structure in the human body that plays a crucial role in supporting the body and protecting the spinal cord. It is composed of a series of bones known as vertebrae, which are separated by intervertebral discs.

Structure

The spinal column is divided into five regions: the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, the lumbar spine, the sacrum, and the coccyx. Each region has a different number of vertebrae and serves a unique function.

Cervical Spine

The cervical spine is located in the neck and consists of seven vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7. The first two vertebrae, C1 and C2, are specialized to allow for a greater range of motion in the neck.

Thoracic Spine

The thoracic spine is located in the chest area and consists of 12 vertebrae, labeled T1 to T12. These vertebrae are larger than the cervical vertebrae and have facets for the attachment of the rib cage.

Lumbar Spine

The lumbar spine is located in the lower back and consists of five vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5. These vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the spinal column, as they carry the most weight.

Sacrum

The sacrum is a triangular bone located at the base of the spine. It is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae.

Coccyx

The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column. It is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae.

Function

The primary function of the spinal column is to protect the spinal cord, which is the main pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal column also provides structural support for the body, allowing us to stand upright, bend, and twist.

Clinical Significance

Conditions affecting the spinal column can have significant impacts on a person's quality of life. These conditions include spinal stenosis, herniated disc, scoliosis, and spinal cord injury.

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