Nail

Nail is a specialized structure that forms the protective covering on the tips of fingers and toes in humans and other primates. They are made of a tough protein called keratin and help in scratching, manipulation of small objects and protection of the fingertip.

Anatomy

The nail consists of several parts including the nail plate, the nail bed, the cuticle, the nail folds, the lunula, and the matrix.

• The Nail plate is the hard and translucent portion, composed of keratin. It is strong and flexible, with a pinkish appearance due to the underlying capillaries.
• The Nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate. It has a network of blood vessels that nourish the nail.
• The Cuticle is a layer of clear skin located along the bottom edge of the nail plate.
• The Nail folds are the skin that frames the nail on three sides.
• The Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail.
• The Matrix is the tissue which the nail protects. It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels.

Function

Nails serve multiple functions. They aid in manipulation of small objects and protect the fingertips and toe tips. They also enhance the sensitivity of the fingertip and are used for scratching.

Health and care

The condition of nails can reflect a person's general health. Changes in nail color or shape can indicate various systemic diseases. Proper nail care is important to maintain healthy nails.

Diseases and disorders

There are several diseases and disorders that can affect the nails including Onychomycosis, Paronychia, Ingrown nail, Nail clubbing, and Nail tumor.

See also

• Nail anatomy
• Nail disease
• Manicure
• Pedicure

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